The 14th Dalai Lama is 89 years old. The question of who will succeed him has sparked a power struggle between India and China. Beijing wants to be solely in charge of choosing the next Tibetan spiritual leader. In its eyes, Tibet belongs to China.

The Dalai Lama has been living in exile in India since 1959. The older he gets, the more important the question of his succession becomes — not only for the future of Tibet, but also for global geopolitics. India, the United States and the European Union support Tibet, which has demanded autonomy since its annexation by China in 1950. China, meanwhile, does not recognize the Dalai Lama's government in exile.

Beijing is now determined to take sole responsibility for appointing the next Dalai Lama, raising fears that the debate could have serious political consequences. Tensions between China and India have been exacerbated by a conflict over a disputed border, which has been smoldering since 1962. When Mao Tse-tung's People's Liberation Army invaded Tibet, India lost the Buddhist neighbor that lay between it and Communist China. With the Tibetan people forced to assimilate, India granted asylum to the 14th Dalai Lama and numerous other refugees, much to Mao Tse-tung's displeasure. Since then, conflict has simmered, especially in the disputed Himalayan border region.

By taking power in Tibet, China was also able to secure valuable mineral resources such as chromium, copper, borax, uranium and lithium. It also gained control over the sources of Asia's largest rivers -- something India sees as a threat to its supplies of fresh water.

Tibetans themselves are caught in a standoff between the two most populous nations in the world, which are also major economic powers. It is not easy for them to make their voices heard, despite the best efforts of their spiritual leader.


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Spectacular cliffs and traces of the Vikings can be found along Ireland’s most beautiful train route. It leads from Rosslare in the southeast via the capital, Dublin, to the Howth Peninsula. In times gone by, the region has been inhabited by Vikings, Normans and the English.

The scenery in the east of the Emerald Isle is picturesque: long beaches and solitary mountains. This was where the Vikings once landed. The Normans also left their mark. The region is also marked by its centuries-old history with England. In addition to the magnificent castles of the former colonial rulers, the ruins of an early Christian monastery and a prehistoric dolmen tomb bear witness to the diverse cultural influences here.

The camera team meets people who embody the modern nation while continuing to follow in the footsteps of their ancestors. A detour leads to the fertile hinterland of County Wexford and magical places in the Wicklow Mountains, before heading into the hustle and bustle of the city of Dublin. There’s the opportunity for some rest and relaxation in the natural paradise near Howth, where a large colony of grey seals make their home.

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Mittweida in Saxony needs skilled workers. Mayor Ralf Schreiber wants to make his town attractive again

Since 1990, Mittweida has lost around 5000 people. Many stores stand empty, and the lack of skilled workers is felt everywhere. Mayor Ralf Schreiber wants to revitalize his town and attract tourists and new residents. But many projects fail due to a lack of skilled workers. A development that is being seen in many small German towns in particular. A report by Bettina Stehkämper.

00:00 Intro
01:07 Job recruitment: jobseekers meet employers
03:34 Skilled labor shortage visible downtown
04:20 Companies need young talent: Visit to a quarry
07:05 Lack of workers in tourism
09:08 Nursing staff urgently needed

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Mark Junglas is disgusted by conventional factory farming. The trained butcher wants to do better. Eating meat is fine, he says. But only if the animals have led a good, species-appropriate life -- and experience a stress-free death.

When Mark was forced to slaughter a calf at the age of 16, it was a terrible experience. It also sparked his life-long commitment to animal welfare. Mark left the conventional meat industry. Three years ago, the 35-year-old took over the management of an ultra-modern organic farm with over 100 cattle. He keeps his cattle in a species-appropriate manner and uses his own slaughtering and distribution processes.

But getting the farm out of the red while holding his own against the influx of cheap meat is no easy task. Even though animal welfare is very much in vogue, few people are prepared to pay more for organic meat. Mark has lots of ideas about how to boost sales: he experiments with meat dishes he creates himself and tries to win over a new, nutrition-conscious clientele via social media channels and marketing. The film accompanies Mark Junglas on his journey. Will he remain true to himself, and his animals, through all the ups and downs? Or will he give up on his mission to strive for the highest animal welfare -- and the best meat?

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West African waters once had some of the richest fish stocks in the world. Today they are severely depleted. Fishermen in Senegal fear for their livelihoods. Europeans, Chinese, Russians and Turks have overfished the waters.

The abundance of fish was once a blessing for the people of Senegal. Now, fish stocks have been severely depleted. For decades, fishermen here have been increasingly deprived of their livelihoods.

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Water shortages in southern Europe are becoming an increasingly ominous problem. In Spain, the situation in 2023 is so acute that the worst-hit region of Catalonia had to introduce drastic water-saving measures back in April.

The summer of 2023 was marked with record temperatures and aridity. Spain is now facing a huge challenge: How to distribute precious water supplies sensibly and fairly? Ultimately, it’s not just private households that need water. Water is also key to economic sectors like farming and tourism. Conflicts are unavoidable. This documentary explores the reasons for water scarcity in Spain, looks at the impact of water scarcity in Catalonia and Andalusia and at the tourism industry’s response to the crisis. How is aridity and heat impacting vacations? Can tourists do anything to ease the situation?

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Rats are seen as transmitters of disease and are hated in the West. But to this day, we don’t know very much about this feared animal. Science is only just beginning to properly delve into the world of rats and "rehabilitate" their image.

Worldwide, it’s big cities that mainly have a big problem with rats. Few creatures are as present in society’s general consciousness as the rat. They’re immediately associated with chilling tales, and arouse emotions such as fear and disgust. Millions are spent every year in the battle to control them, while scientific approaches to sensible rat management are still in their infancy.

For a long time, the species has been conspicuously neglected by modern science. And apart from the interest that humans have shown in the rat as a laboratory animal, the level of ignorance in the science world is astonishing. Only now, in places as far-flung as Vancouver, Helsinki, Paris, New York and Berlin, are large-scale global research projects attempting to find answers to the fundamental questions concerning the human-rat relationship.

After all, ignorance surrounding our urban co-residents stokes fear. It fuels the "war” against rats that humans have been waging for centuries with all the means at their disposal - a battle that, again and again, turns out to be pointless and counter-productive.

Various research projects have already come up with some ideas about sustainable rat management methods. These would focus on nature and species protection, and recognize rats as part of the urban ecosystem.

The documentary "Urban Rats - Unknown Parallel Worlds” argues for a change in perspective. It poses the question of how humans can coexist in the future with their rodent neighbors, without harm or fear. The film takes a fresh look at what is an extremely controversial, emotionally charged issue.


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Kyushu is said to be the wellspring of Japanese civilization. Yet few tourists visit the southernmost of Japan's main islands. This documentary contrasts modern Japanese cities with traditional customs in the countryside.

The rail journey begins in Fukuoka - a city with a metro population of 2.5 million - and ends at the southern tip of the island, in the city of Ibusuki. As the train rolls along, it travels through time - and reveals the amazing diversity and contrasts of the most southerly of Japan's four main islands. The trip provides spectacular landscape views, as well as deep insight into a foreign culture, and its ancient traditions and modern lifestyles.

In the West, Kyushu is one of the lesser-known regions in the "Land of the Rising Sun." Even for the Japanese, the green, mountainous island is seen mostly as a holiday spot. Europeans rarely visit this part of the country - but there are plenty of restaurants and cafes that have names like "Wolfgang," "Bavaria," or "Côte d'Azur." Travel guides say that these words sound "European" to Japanese.

The family of the emperor, or Tenno, comes from Kyushu as well. This is also where the dynasties of the proud warrior class, the samurai, have their roots.
And there are a number of active volcanoes on Kyushu. One of the most famous is Mount Aso. Its caldera - the cauldron-like hollow at the top -- has a circumference of about 120 kilometers.

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Los críticos del crecimiento ven muchas formas de conciliar la economía, el medio ambiente y el bienestar. Quizás el mundo funcione sin querer siempre más. Pero, ¿son realistas estos conceptos?

Los grandes chefs Marianus von Hörsten y Aaron Levi Hasenpusch ya se han puesto en contra del "siempre más": su restaurante cierra los fines de semana. Más tiempo libre, menos estrés. Pero también: menos ventas e ingresos. Para estos dos hamburgueses esto es posible.
La empresa Otto Fuchs produce piezas metálicas especiales para empresas de las industrias automovilística y aeronáutica. Aquí intentan seguir creciendo y al mismo tiempo producir de forma respetuosa con el clima: crecimiento verde. Pero ésta no es una tarea sencilla. La transición energética y la protección del clima cuestan mucho dinero en Alemania.

La escritora Ulrike Herrmann ("El fin del capitalismo”) se muestra escéptica: el crecimiento verde no sería posible. Ella aboga por el "Degrowth" (decrecimiento) para salvar el planeta. La reestructuración de la economía consume enormes cantidades de energía limpia. Alemania ni siquiera podría instalar tantas turbinas eólicas. Habrá que limitarse. En Islandia, después de la crisis financiera de 2008, se introdujo una nueva evaluación económica: "Wellbeing Economy", la economía del bienestar. No solo se mide lo que tiene un precio, sino también el bienestar y la calidad de vida, como, por ejemplo, el acceso a espacios habitables y verdes, así como la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres. Pero también se incluyen posiciones negativas como la destrucción del medio ambiente y el consumo de recursos. La profesora de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad de la Universidad de Islandia, Kristín Vala Ragnarsdóttir, está comprometida precisamente con esto.

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For one group, at least, the erection of the Berlin Wall on August 13, 1961 was a stroke of luck. Over the following decades, the Wall would be the lifeblood of the East German secret police, known as the Stasi. By the time the Wall fell, in 1989, thousands of Stasi agents were employed with a single goal: to make the Wall insurmountable.

The film tells the story of this existentially symbiotic relationship from the perspective of the Stasi under its notorious leader Erich Mielke. It’s the first time this most sensitive chapter of East Germany's history has been told in such an exemplary and coherent way: including the deaths that took place at the Wall, and the cover-up and concealment of many of those murders.

We learn about the arrests and imprisonment of tens of thousands of refugees, as well as the Stasi’s elaborate construction of tunnels and underground listening stations to track down tunnel diggers. From the billion-dollar business of selling GDR prisoners to West Germany, to the "filtering" of Western traffic at border crossings to recruit unofficial collaborators, Mielke's specialists were everywhere.

We see how Mielke's power grew, as the Wall and the border system were perfected, and how the walling-in of the population created more and more work for the Stasi. The Wall became the Stasi’s main field of activity, and its daily bread.

The fall of the Wall brought an abrupt end to both East Germany and its security apparatus. An irony of history is that, on November 9, 1989, it was a Stasi man who opened the first barrier on Bornholmer Strasse and thus initiated the fall of the Berlin Wall.

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Bogs and swamps contain more carbon than all other ground vegetation. As the permafrost melts, greenhouse gases are released, which in turn accelerate global warming.

Peatlands and wetlands play an important role in global warming because they influence the greenhouse gas cycle. But not all bogs are the same. Some bind carbon, while others release it into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide and methane emissions.

The film follows the work of two research teams investigating the influence of moors and swamps on the climate. Greenhouse gases escape when permafrost moors melt. But swamp and mire areas that have been thrown out of balance, for example by plantation farming for the production of palm oil, can actually accelerate climate change.

The documentary explains what happens when carbon escapes from swamp and moorland areas into the atmosphere and how nature's potential can be used to slow down climate change. "European peatlands contain five times more carbon than European forests. It is therefore very important that the carbon remains in the peatland,” says Dr. Minna Väliranta from the Environmental Research Centre at the University of Helsinki.

The researcher and her team are conducting field research to collect data on the effects of global warming on Arctic permafrost peatlands. Until now, there has been little data from the far north of Europe; many research findings from other regions have simply been generalized.

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India, a nation on the verge of becoming a superpower? The country has overtaken China and is now the world’s most populous nation. The average age is 28. What dreams and what opportunities for advancement does this generation in India have today?

The median age in India is just over 28 years. That’s very young in global comparison, especially with western industrialized nations. How do young Indians, who are exactly 28 years old in 2024, experience their country?

A nation that’s often referred to as the world’s largest democracy, but where rising Hindu nationalism under Prime Minister Narendra Modi is resulting in repression and sometimes violence against Muslims. A nation where economic growth surpassed that of China in 2023; one with designs on becoming one of the world’s most important global players, both economically and politically. A nation of contrasts: Alongside up-and-coming startups launching groundbreaking business ideas, it’s estimated that one in every five people in India can neither read nor write. There are few countries in the world where the gap between rich and poor is so wide, where hunger and luxury are present cheek by jowl. At the same time, advancement opportunities continue to be determined by an officially obsolete system of social castes.

The documentary observes 28-year-old Indians as they go about their everyday lives. Some live in poverty in rural areas, others work in one of the many startups in urban centers. Some are members of the Dalit caste, also known as the untouchables, still marginalized in India today and often only able to find jobs that no one else wants to do. The film profiles Hindus and Muslims, an illiterate woman fighting for a future for her children, a businessman with a life full of luxury. What are their dreams; what prevents them from realizing them? And as India strives to become a new superpower, will it take all its citizens along for the ride?

Parliamentary elections are taking place in India from April to May 2024. Will Narendra Modi and his Hindu nationalist BJP party continue at the helm of the country?

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In February 2021, the robot "Perseverance" landed successfully on Mars. However, this success was never a given. The film shows the difficult work involved in developing the robot, right up to its successful landing.

The new robot NASA sent to Mars is called "Perseverance". Its mission? To search for evidence of past life on the Red Planet - an important and ambitious endeavor. It took years to design the space probe and its small helicopter drone, called "Ingenuity". This documentary follows the rover's development, right up to its landing in the Jezero Crater on February 18, 2021.

The mission proved to be a complete success: the robot landed safely and all the instruments on board functioned smoothly. As a result, "Perseverance" was able to deliver high-resolution images of Mars. But getting there was an arduous journey for all involved.

On site, "Perseverance" takes samples from the crater, which scientists believe was once a river delta. Geological traces of past life - so-called biosignatures - could be hidden in the rock. Eventually, these samples will be brought back to Earth for analysis. Among other things, they could provide insights into possible life on Mars.

The four-pound mini-helicopter "Ingenuity", which traveled in the belly of the rover, is now carrying out a series of test flights. These are the first of their kind to be undertaken on another planet. Another task of "Perseverance" is to test an innovative technology for extracting oxygen from the atmosphere. It is hoped that the gas can be used as fuel -- or to supply oxygen for future manned flights to Mars.

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Can the aging process be reversed - or even halted, altogether? If we manage to decode this final mystery of our human biology, we might soon be able to eradicate age-related illnesses like cancer, dementia and heart problems.

The race to invent the miracle pill is well underway. Today, international researchers are getting astonishingly close to realizing humanity’s dream of immortality.

The hunt for immortality gained traction with the discovery of Costa Rica’s so-called "Blue Zone,” by Luis Rosero-Bixby. In the "Blue Zone,” on the Nicoya Peninsular, he found a remarkable number of centenarians. Here, male life expectancy is the highest in the world. Their healthy lifestyle is one factor, but the promise of longevity is probably also because their telomeres - sections of DNA found at the end of chromosomes - are longer than those of the average person.

It’s a field of research currently being explored by Maria Blasco in Madrid. But this is just one of many possible factors influencing the process of aging. Senescent cells may also play a key role. Also known as "zombie cells”, these attack our body in old age and flood it with alarm signals until, at some point, we collapse under their weight. That’s a theory proposed by another researcher in Spain, Manuel Serrano.

A billion-dollar industry is already knocking impatiently at the lab doors. The first to market the miracle pill is guaranteed incredible wealth. That’s why investors are sponsoring young bio-startups in Hong Kong. Keen not be left out, US Big Tech is vying for the world’s best scientists. Alex Zhavoronkov has secured a slice of that pie, with a cash injection of more than 250 million dollars for his company’s work on aging research.

Whereas some pioneers’ visions burst like bubbles, others rush to get other, rather more dubious products onto the market. But their efficacy is now measurable. The epigenetic clock devised by Steve Horvath can measure our biological age, regardless of our actual age in years.

With his research on the thymus gland, California’s Greg Fahy managed to not only decelerate the aging process, but reverse it. His initial study on humans showed that a particular drug cocktail took an average two-and-a-half years off their age.

Young biohackers like Nina Khera from Boston want everyone to benefit from this research. Together with friends, she’s working on the "epigenetic clock for all”.
But while we’re busy trying to counter the aging process and all the illnesses it entails, fundamental questions arise: Should we be messing with nature like this? Are we about to overwhelm the planet with more and more people? Criminal biologist Mark Benecke in Cologne says that these questions are coming far too late.

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40% of the global population is overweight or obese. Highly processed industrial foodstuffs are largely to blame. But food companies continue to focus on products that are addictive.

Sugar is one of the strongest "drugs” and can get consumers really hooked. Food giants know this only too well. That’s why they use sugar, fats and flavor enhancers to encourage people to buy their products and boost their profits. The result: more and more people around the world are overweight or obese. Illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are becoming more prevalent. What can be done to change or even put a stop to the food industry’s strategies?

#documentary #dwdocumentary #junkfood #food
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Iqbal Khan is a young man living in Kashmir with a heroin addiction. For the past weeks he has been in a rehab center for treatment. Iqbal Khan’s father holds the government responsible for a drug epidemic in Kashmir. The authorities are turning a blind eye to the drug related problems. In the past five years, the number of heroin addicts in the Kashmir region administered by India, has increased by over 2000 percent. The region is characterized by violence, conflict, and unrest, more and more young people fall victim to drugs. Indian-Pakistani cartels are allegedly behind this problem. A Report by Akanksha Saxena, Irfan Mehraj, Khalid Khan and Saraskanth TK.

00:00 - Intro
02:35 - A young man in rehab
04:03 - Youth in the Kashmir conflict
06:39 - Accusations against the Indian government
07:25 - Rehab centers at their limits
09:15 - Indian-Pakistani networks

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In the South China Sea, the US and China are fighting for dominance in the Indo-Pacific region. The Philippines finds itself caught in the middle of a struggle between two superpowers.

For decades, Beijing has been expanding its military presence in the South China Sea, a region that includes Taiwan, Indonesia and the Philippines. It has occupied atolls and reefs, turning them into military outposts - especially on Philippine territory.

But resistance to China’s expansionist policies is growing. President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. of the Philippines is standing up to Beijing. He is turning away from the China-friendly policies of his predecessor and towards Western partners — especially the United States. The move has angered China, leading to increased tensions in the South China Sea. Clashes between Philippine and Chinese ships are on the rise.

The situation is highly volatile, especially because of a far-reaching defense treaty between Manila and Washington. Similar to the NATO alliance, both countries are obliged to defend each other in the event of an attack. The US has also secured access to nine Philippine military bases, allowing it to station troops and arms sometimes just a few hundred kilometers from China and Taiwan. In the event of a war between the US and China, the Philippines would find itself on the front lines.

The archipelago nation is now a line of demarcation in one of the world's most turbulent maritime regions. What’s more, any further escalation would impact a vital global trade route.

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Many countries, particularly in the West, have long taken reliable food supplies for granted. But climate change, conflict and population growth are challenging such certainties. How can we ensure food security for everyone in the future?

The vertical farm run by Anders Riemann in Copenhagen aims to get the maximum yield from the smallest area possible and operate sustainably. The CEO grows vegetables over 14 stories at his carbon-neutral indoor farm. Eight hundred kilograms of lettuce are grown here each week at Nordic Harvest. Riemann sees this alternative to conventional agriculture as a big opportunity for the future. He says the corona pandemic and the war in Ukraine have shown us just how vulnerable our food supply chains are. "We need local food production in our cities, as part of the infrastructure.”

Agricultural scientist Urte Grauwinkel is part of a project researching what food crops could be better adapted to the new climate conditions in eastern Germany. Part of the idea is also to become less dependent on food imported from far away. She is experimenting with nutritious plants such as chickpeas, millet, amaranth, quinoa and hemp.
Seaweed is another food with potential for the future. It is seen as environmentally friendly, hardy and nutritious. However, this superfood has not caught on yet in many western countries. Joost Wouters, the former manager of a soft drink manufacturer, wants to change that. He has set up the Seaweed Company to bring together seaweed farmers and the food industry. Could seaweed grown in Europe help feed more people in the future and counteract overfishing?

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He’s a key figure in the clandestine wranglings of two superpowers: the United States and China. The FBI announced a five-million-dollar bounty for information leading to his arrest. Intelligence agencies and investigators have been trying for decades to stop him in his tracks: the arms dealer Karl Lee.

The Chinese businessman has helped Iran develop its huge missiles arsenal. Missiles that kill in the Middle East, that are supplied to Russia for possible deployment in Ukraine and have the potential to carry nuclear warheads. The documentary is the first to tell the story of the hunt for the phantom-like Karl Lee, alias Li Fangwei, probably the world’s most dangerous weapons dealer. He’s been indicted in absentia in the US and American presidents have even personally asked Beijing to take action against him. But his network continues to be active; and he’s still high up on the FBI’s most-wanted list. And this, at a time when missiles and nuclear warheads are becoming a tangible threat to humanity.
The documentary follows Karl Lee’s trail across four continents, from Washington and New York to Tel Aviv, from Europe to Teheran, Beijing and Karl Lee’s factory in northeastern China. The prize-winning investigative journalists Philipp Grüll, Frederik Obermaier and Bastian Obermayer provide unique insights into the world of spy agencies and diplomacy. At the same time, the film is a lesson in the powerlessness of the West and the rise of China - as well as an unflinching appraisal of the new world order.

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China is building a huge digital surveillance system. The state collects massive amounts of data from willing citizens: the benefits are practical, and people who play by the rules are rewarded.

Critics call it "the most ambitious Orwellian project in human history." China's digital surveillance system involves massive amounts of data being gathered by the state. In the so-called "brain" of Shanghai, for example, authorities have an eye on everything. On huge screens, they can switch to any of the approximately one million cameras, to find out who’s falling asleep behind the wheel, or littering, or not following Coronavirus regulations. "We want people to feel good here, to feel that the city is very safe," says Sheng Dandan, who helped design the "brain." Surveys suggest that most Chinese citizens are inclined to see benefits as opposed to risks: if algorithms can identify every citizen by their face, speech and even the way they walk, those breaking the law or behaving badly will have no chance. It’s incredibly convenient: a smartphone can be used to accomplish just about any task, and playing by the rules leads to online discounts thanks to a social rating system.

That's what makes Big Data so attractive, and not just in China. But where does the required data come from? Who owns it, and who is allowed to use it? The choice facing the Western world is whether to engage with such technology at the expense of social values, or ignore it, allowing others around the world to set the rules.

#documentary #freedocumentary #China
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